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C-R-A模式：言语交际的三维阐释

作　者: 廖巧云
导　师: 何兆熊
学　校: 上海外国语大学
专　业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 言语交际 C-R-A模式三维阐释经验现实主义
分类号: H030
类　型: 博士论文
年　份: 2005年
下　载: 860次
引　用: 3次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

交际是个复杂的社会现象,语用学理论的发展为研究这一现象提供了契机。但是,目前的研究,包括从哲学、认知和社会视角进行的研究,还远不能说尽善尽美。所以进一步研究显得很有必要。语用学的三大代表性理论,即合作原则(CP)、关联理论(RT)和顺应论(AT),只能部分地描述或阐释交际(过程)。它们在描述交际方面均有自己的优势,但同时又囿于自身的局限。三大理论均不能全面有效地解释言语交际问题。具体说来,CP未能说明人们通过何种手段获取含义;RT回答了获取含义的手段问题,但主观性过强而且缺乏降低主观程度或减少理解或然性的手段;AT只强调语言使用就是语言选择,即作出适合特定语境的顺应,但是缺乏顺应的基础和方向。我们的研究试图解决这些问题。通过对其优势与不足的分析,我们发现这三大理论具有互补性,并具有结合研究的必要性和可行性。该研究主要目的在于:以经验现实主义为理论指导,将三大理论的优势结合起来,重建一个新的阐释性理论框架,称为“C-R-A模式”,试图克服,至少减少三大理论之缺陷与不足。该研究之出发点如下:1)现有语用理论在描述交际时存在不足;2)经验现实主义这一哲学框架为我们提供了理论基础,特别是Marmaridou (2000)将它用于语用学研究给了我们启发;3)一个科学研究的新倾向给我们的启示和指导,即包纳简单性方法的复杂性方法,借助于两个以至多个并列的彼此独立的理论系统使不同的认识结果互相补充。(陈一壮2004)第三点反映了科学研究的新倾向,也是该项研究的理论意义所在。本文主要采用定性研究方法,偏重理论探讨。全文共分七章。第1章为本研究的总体介绍。第2至4章为整个研究奠定基础:讨论交际的工作定义,三大理论的优势与不足,以及本研究的理论基础,亦即经验现实主义。第5章构建综合性模式,即C-R-A模式。第6章是关于C-R-A模式的应用,详细分析各类简单话语、会话,以说明该模式在交际阐释中的实用性和有效性。第7章为结论,以兜揽全文。如前所述,该研究的核心部分是建立一个能更有效更全面地阐释成功交际的新模式,而我们综合研究的始发理论是CP,RT和AT,因此我们取其名为“C-R-A模式”。这是一个集哲学、认知和社会三大视角的研究优势于一体的三维模式。其中,三大理论的三个核心概念在该模式中起到不同的作用:合作是成功交际的先决条件;关联是其必要条件;顺应是其调节机制。虽然其作用不同,我们认为交际是合作、关联、顺

全文目录

Acknowledgements  3-5
Abbreviations  5-6
Abstract  6-10
中文摘要  10-12
List of Figures  12-19
Chapter 1 Introduction  19-30
  1.1 Lead-in remarks  19-20
  1.2 The rationale of the study  20-26
    1.2.1 Background  20-24
    1.2.2 Rationale  24-26
  1.3 Objectives of the present study  26-27
  1.4 Methodology and data for the research  27-28
  1.5 The organization of the dissertation  28-30
Chapter 2 Communication revisited and delimited  30-43
  2.1 Introduction  30
  2.2 Definitions of communication reviewed  30-34
  2.3 The working definition of communication for the present study  34-42
    2.3.1 The working definition of verbal communication  34
    2.3.2 Main features of the working definition  34-39
      2.3.2.1 Verbality  34-35
      2.3.2.2 Dynamics  35-36
      2.3.2.3 Interactiveness  36-37
      2.3.2.4 Intentionality  37-39
    2.3.3 Successful communication delimited  39-41
    2.3.4 The theoretical framework for our account of communication  41-42
  2.4 Summary  42-43
Chapter 3 Brief Review of Literature on CP, RT and AT  43-103
  3.1 Three basic communication models revisited  43-45
  3.2 Overview of CP  45-57
    3.2.1 The theoretical basis of CP  45-46
    3.2.2 The scope of CP  46
    3.2.3 The rudiments of CP  46-54
      3.2.3.1 The Cooperative Principle  46-49
      3.2.3.2 Inference  49-50
      3.2.3.3 Conversational implicature  50-54
    3.2.4 Strengths and weaknesses of CP  54-57
      3.2.4.1 Strengths  54-55
      3.2.4.2 Weaknesses  55-57
    3.2.5 Concluding remarks on CP’s account of successful communication  57
  3.3 Overview of RT  57-75
    3.3.1 The theoretical basis of RT  57-58
    3.3.2 The scope of RT  58-61
    3.3.3 The rudiments of RT  61-70
      3.3.3.1 The Principle of Relevance  61-63
      3.3.3.2 Context  63-64
      3.3.3.3 Ostension and inference  64-67
      3.3.3.4 Explicature and implicature  67-69
      3.3.3.5 Efforts vs effects  69-70
    3.3.4 Strengths and weaknesses of RT  70-74
      3.3.4.1 Strengths  70-72
      3.3.4.2 Weaknesses  72-74
    3.3.5 Concluding remarks on RT’s account of successful communication  74-75
  3.4 Overview of AT  75-85
    3.4.1 The theoretical basis of AT  75-76
    3.4.2 The scope of AT  76
    3.4.3 The rudiments of AT  76-83
      3.4.3.1 The pragmatic perspective  76-78
      3.4.3.2 Adaptation  78-80
      3.4.3.3 Context  80-81
      3.4.3.4 Salience  81-82
      3.4.3.5 Metapragmatic awareness  82-83
    3.4.4 Strengths and weaknesses  83-85
      3.4.4.1 Strengths  83-84
      3.4.4.2 Weaknesses  84-85
    3.4.5 Concluding remarks on AT’s account of successful communication  85
  3.5 The proposed improvements and synthetical studies of the three theories  85-101
    3.5.1 Pragmaticists’efforts in improving CP  85-96
      3.5.1.1 Horn’s 2-principle formula  86-88
      3.5.1.2 Levinson’s 3-principle formula  88-91
      3.5.1.3 徐盛桓’s law-like expounding of CP  91-95
      3.5.1.4 Brief comments on NGT  95-96
    3.5.2 Pragmaticists’efforts in improving AT and RT  96-101
      3.5.2.1 杨平’s Relevance-Adaptation Model  96-98
      3.5.2.2 冉永平’s Adaptation-Relevance Model  98-101
  3.6 Revelation for subsequent research  101-103
Chapter 4 The Philosophical Basis for C-R-A Model: Experientialism  103-128
  4.1 Introduction  103-104
  4.2 Distinction between objectivism and experientialism  104-110
    4.2.1 Preliminaries  104-105
    4.2.2 Objectivism  105-106
    4.2.3 Experientialism  106-107
    4.2.4 The key points of experientialism  107-110
      4.2.4.1 Internalist perspective on reality  107-108
      4.2.4.2 Meaning seen from experientialism  108-110
  4.3 Semantic-pragmatic demarcation  110-116
  4.4 Marmaridou’s discussion of pragmatic meaning from experiential realism  116-119
    4.4.1 ICMs  117
    4.4.2 Reasoning  117-118
    4.4.3 Internalization  118-119
  4.5 Theoretical support for the present study  119-126
    4.5.1 The philosophical perspective of pragmatic meaning  120-122
    4.5.2 The cognitive-pragmatic perspective of pragmatic meaning  122-124
    4.5.3 Societal perspective of pragmatic meaning  124-125
    4.5.4 Experiential realism as the philosophical basis for C-R-A Model justified  125-126
  4.6 Summary  126-128
Chapter 5 C-R-A Model: A Description  128-165
  5.1 Introductory remarks  128
  5.2 Complementarities: the possibility  128-129
  5.3 C-R-A Model: the feasibility  129-140
    5.3.1 Cooperation: prerequisite  130-132
    5.3.2 Relevance: necessary condition  132-136
    5.3.3 Adaptation: regulatory mechanism  136-139
    5.3.4 Interim summary  139-140
  5.4 C-R-A Model on its way  140-162
    5.4.1 Initial observations  140-142
    5.4.2 The primary version of the C-R-A Model  142-161
      5.4.2.1 The C-R-A Model  142-143
      5.4.2.2 Key notions delimited  143-151
        5.4.2.2.1 Cooperation  143-145
        5.4.2.2.2 Relevance  145-146
        5.4.2.2.3 Adaptation  146-147
        5.4.2.2.4 Experiential canvas  147-151
      5.4.2.3 Description of the C-R-A Model  151-161
        5.4.2.3.1 Seen from S’s perspective  151
        5.4.2.3.2 Seen from H’s perspective  151-152
        5.4.2.3.3 The inferential process of the C-R-A Model  152-161
          5.4.2.3.3.1 The quadratic inference of the ostensive-inferential model  152-155
          5.4.2.3.3.2 The Quadratic Duet of Ostensive Inference and its Extension  155-156
          5.4.2.3.3.3 Extended Implication Hypothesis  156-158
          5.4.2.3.3.4 Extension of the Ostensive-Inferential Duet  158-161
    5.4.3 The extended version of the C-R-A Model  161-162
  5.5 Summary  162-165
Chapter 6 Application of the Model  165-209
  6.1 Introduction  165
  6.2 Application of the primary version of the C-R-A Model to the analyses of everyday utterances  165-176
    6.2.1 Sample analyses  165-171
    6.2.2 Major findings of the application of the primary version  171-176
  6.3 Application of the extended version of the C-R-A Model to the analyses of Conversations  176-207
    6.3.1 Conversations from the novel《围城》by 钱钟书  176-183
      6.3.1.1 Analysis of the conversation between 赵and 方  177-179
      6.3.1.2 Analysis of the conversation between 方and 唐  179-181
      6.3.1.3 Analysis of the conversation between 方and 苏  181-183
    6.3.2 Conversations taken from the short story The Metamorphosis by Kafka  183-185
    6.3.3 Conversations taken from the drama《雷雨》by 曹禺  185-198
      6.3.3.1 Analysis of the conversation between 鲁贵and 鲁四凤  186-190
      6.3.3.2 Analysis of the conversation between 周萍and 周蘩漪  190-198
    6.3.4 Conversations taken from the drama Oedipus Rex by Sophocles  198-205
    6.3.5 Analysis of an authentic talk  205-207
  6.4 Summary  207-209
Chapter 7 Conclusion  209-218
  7.1 Introduction  209
  7.2 Discussions of the research questions  209-214
  7.3 Major findings  214-215
  7.4 Implications  215-216
  7.5 Limitations and suggestions  216-218
References  218-235
Appendix  235-237

C-R-A模式：言语交际的三维阐释

内容摘要

全文目录

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