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得体原则与汉语语内语用失误

作　者: 薛丽锋
导　师: 李悦娥
学　校: 山西大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 得体原则语内语用失误语境
分类号: H146
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2010年
下　载: 100次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

语用失误作为生活中的一种常见现象,会对言语交际产生不同程度的负面影响。虽然语用失误是语用学中一个经常被中外研究者探讨的话题,但大多数研究都集中于语际语用失误,对于语内语用失误的系统性研究较少。得体原则被一些学者称为语用的最高原则,但是在现有的对语内语用失误研究中,运用得体原则对语内语用失误的探讨几乎没有。因而,本文结合得体原则来研究汉语言语交际中的语内语用失误,既能加深我们对语内语用失误的认识,同时也能检验得体原则的解释力,在实践和理论方面都有积极意义。在对Leech(1983)的得体准则、李瑞华(1994)、王希杰(1996)及索振羽(2000)各自提出的得体原则及相关概念分析的基础上,本文采用了李瑞华得体原则的主要框架并借鉴了王希杰得体原则中语境因素的进一步分类,提出了作者对得体原则的理解,并用其来分析汉语言语交际中的语内语用失误,数据主要来源于日常交际实例和一些研究者的文章。本研究认为语内语用失误是无意识违反得体原则的结果,并且发现话语与语言知识相关的不得体、与交际者相关的不得体、与交际情景相关的不得体以及与社会和文化规约相关的不得体都会导致语内语用失误。具体地说,如果说话时运用了不恰当的语体、语调,或者运用了带有负面命题意义的话语,这些与语言知识相关的不得体就会导致语内语用失误的发生。如果说话时未做到对于交际者的性别、年龄、身份、受教育程度、信仰等社会特征的得体,或者未做到对交际者心理期待或性格等心理特征的得体,未做到对时间、空间、话题等交际情景因素的得体以及区域、民族、禁忌和委婉等社会文化规约的得体,语内语用失误就会发生。因而在交际中,要权衡考虑各种因素来达到语言的得体运用,避免并减少语内语用失误。与此同时,本研究指出培养语用能力的重要性、开放思想的必要性,.并建议用真诚道歉来拯救或减少语内语用失误带来的负面影响。

全文目录

Acknowledgements  5-6
Abstract in English  6-8
摘要  8-13
Chapter One Introduction  13-17
  1.1 Introduction  13
  1.2 The rationale of the present study  13-14
  1.3 Problems with the existing studies  14
  1.4 Objectives of the present study  14-15
  1.5 Methodology and data collection  15
  1.6 Outline of the thesis  15-17
Chapter Two Literature Review  17-32
  2.1 Introduction  17
  2.2 Definitions and classifications of pragmatic failur  17-18
    2.2.1 Thomas's definition and classification  17
    2.2.2 He Ziran's definition and classification  17-18
    2.2.3 Qian Guanlian's definition and classification  18
    2.2.4 Summary of the previous definitions and classifications of pragmatic failure  18
  2.3 Researches On pragmatic failure and the achievements  18-29
    2.3.1 Cross-culture communication and pragmatic failure  19-24
    2.3.2 Pragmatic transfer and pragmatic failure  24-25
    2.3.3 Foreign language teaching and pragmatic failure  25-27
    2.3.4 Cognition and pragmatic failure  27-29
  2.4 Intra-lingual pragmatic failure and the relavant researches  29-30
  2.5 Summary  30-32
Chapter Three Theoretical Framework  32-41
  3.1 Introduction  32-33
  3.2 The appropriateness principle  33-35
    3.2.1 Leech's Tact Maxim  33
    3.2.2 Li Ruihua's Appropriateness Principle  33-34
    3.2.3 Wang Xi jie's Appropriateness Principle  34-35
    3.2.4 Suo Zhenyu's Tact Principle  35
  3.3 Brief introduction of related concepts  35-38
    3.3.1 Language and context  36-37
    3.3.2 Language standardization,utterance standardization,and language appropriateness  37-38
    3.3.3 Context and appropriateness  38
  3.4 The appropriateness principle adopted in this study  38-40
  3.5 Summary  40-41
Chapter Four The Amended Appropriateness Principle And Intra-Lingual PragmaticFailure  41-60
  4.1 Introduction  41
  4.2 Intra-lingual pragmatic failure caused by the inappropriateness related to the languageknowledge  41-45
    4.2.1 The inappropriateness of style  41-43
    4.2.2 The inappropriateness of intonation  43-44
    4.2.3 The inappropriateness of the propositional meaning of utterances  44-45
  4.3 Intra-lingual pragmatic failure caused by the inappropriateness related to thecommunicator  45-52
    4.3.1 The inappropriateness related to the social features of the communicator  45-49
    4.3.2 The inappropriateness related to the psychological features of the communicator  49-52
  4.4 Intra-lingual pragmatic failure caused by the inappropriateness related to thecommunicative situation  52-54
    4.4.1 The inappropriateness related to time  52
    4.4.2 The inappropriateness related to place  52-53
    4.4.3 The inappropriateness related to topic  53-54
  4.5 Intra-lingual pragmatic failure caused by the inappropriateness related to the social andcultural norms  54-57
    4.5.1 Region-ignoring inappropriateness  54-55
    4.5.2 Nationality-ignoring iInappropriateness  55
    4.5.3 The inappropriate use of taboo and euphemism  55-57
  4.6 Suggestions for the avoidance and rescue of pragmatic failure  57-59
  4.7 Summary  59-60
Chapter Five Conclusion  60-62
  5.1 Major findings of the study  60-61
  5.2 Limitations of the study  61
  5.3 Suggestion for further study  61-62
Bibliography  62-67
攻研期间发表的学术论文  67-69
个人简况及联系方式  69-72

得体原则与汉语语内语用失误

内容摘要

全文目录

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