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英语委婉语生成机制的认知研究

作　者: 贺玉
导　师: 杨真洪
学　校: 西安理工大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 英语委婉语范畴理论概念隐喻概念转喻认知机制
分类号: H030
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2010年
下　载: 230次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

委婉语是我们日常生活中一种常见的语言现象,虽然前人对委婉语研究颇多,但多是从修辞学、社会语言学的角度来研究.这些研究把委婉语只看作是语言的一种重要表达方式,并不能真正能揭示委婉语意义生成和理解机制。本文从认知语言学的角度研究英语委婉语,得出英语委婉语的生成机制。在认知语言学理论中,“范畴理论”和“概念隐喻和转喻理论”可以很好地分析委婉语这一语言现象,因为它们不仅涉及了人类普遍的认知思维方式,还可以揭示语言现象生成的重要途径。“范畴理论”是通过原型与非原型的区分来说明认识语义特征相对模糊、弱化的非原型需要人们更多的认知经验,这与人们使用语义特征模糊的委婉语或更高语义范畴的委婉语时的心理是相一致的。语义特征被模糊或者扩大增加了人们认知对原型的难度,实现了委婉效果。“概念隐喻和转喻”则是通过相似或相接近(关联)的两个认知域的映射,突显不会给人带来刺激的语义特征,弱化自然范畴同经验范畴的等同关系,从而增加人们思维的认知难度,实现了委婉功能。分析英语中常见委婉语后发现多数委婉语是通过两条认知途径生成的：一是将原型的语义特征模糊、弱化或者扩大,使得特征显著的原型转变为同一语义范畴的边缘成员或者更高的上位范畴成员,破坏了禁忌语的完形,从而生成了语义特征并不显著的委婉语;二是通过发挥概念隐喻和转喻的突显与隐藏功能,突显源域中不会令人产生不快的语义特征,掩藏其会给人带来刺激的语义特征,从而实现委婉含蓄的表达效果。

全文目录

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  5-6
摘要  6-7
Abstract  7-11
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION  11-15
  1.1 Research Background  11
  1.2 Research Significance  11-12
  1.3 Organization of this thesis  12-15
CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW  15-25
  2.1 An Overall View of English Euphemism  15-18
    2.1.1 Euphemism and taboo  15-16
    2.1.2 Defillitions of euphemism  16-17
    2.1.3 Features of cuphemism  17-18
  2.2 Studies on Euphemism Abroad and at Home  18-22
    2.2.1 Studies on euphemism abroad  18-20
    2.2.2 Studies on euphemism at home  20-21
    2.2.3 Limitations of the previous studies  21-22
  2.3 A Brief Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics  22-25
    2.3.1 Three Cognitive approaches  22-23
    2.3.2 Relationship between cognitive linguistics and euphemism  23-25
CHAPTER THREE COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS STUDY ON ENGLISHEUPHEMISM  25-43
  3.1 Categorization in Cognitive Linguistics  25-26
  3.2 The Classical Approach to Categorization  26-27
  3.3 The Cognitive Approach to Categorization  27-34
    3.3.1 Family resemblances  28-29
    3.3.2 Categorization  29
    3.3.3 Prototype theory  29-31
    3.3.4 Levels of categorization  31-34
  3.4 Application of Categorization in Euphemism  34-41
    3.4.1 Application of prototype categorization in euphemism  34-39
    3.4.2 Application of levels of categorization in euphemisms  39-41
  3.5 Generating Mechanism of Euphemism within Framework of Categorization Theory  41-43
CHAPTER FOUR METAPHOR AND EUPHEMISM  43-54
  4.1 Cognitive Approach to Metaphor:Conceptual Metaphor  43-44
  4.2 Psychological Basis of Metaphor  44-46
  4.3 Characteristics of Conceptual Metaphor  46-47
    4.3.1 Synthetic similarity  46
    4.3.2 Systematic highlighting and hiding  46-47
  4.4 Application of Conceptual Metaphor in Euphemism  47-54
CHAPTER FIVE METONYMY AND EUPHEMISM  54-63
  5.1 Cognitive Approach to Metonymy:Conceptual Metonymy  54-57
    5.1.1 Metonymy is a conceptual phenomenon  55
    5.1.2 Metonymy is a cognitive process  55-56
    5.1.3 Metonymy operates within ICM  56-57
  5.2 Characteristics of Conceptual Metonymy  57-58
    5.2.1 Systematicity of metonymy  57
    5.2.2 Function of highlighting and hiding  57-58
  5.3 Application of Conceptual Metonymy in Euphemism  58-61
  5.4 Generating Mechanism of Euphemism within Framework of Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy  61-63
CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSION  63-65
  6.1 Generating Mechanisms of English Euphemism  63-64
    6.1.1 Transfer from prototype to non-prototype  63-64
    6.1.2 Highlight certain aspects and hide other aspects  64
  6.2 Limitations of This Study  64-65
BIBLIOGRAPHY  65-68

英语委婉语生成机制的认知研究

内容摘要

全文目录

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