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A Study of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failure: Forms, Causes, and Avoiding Strategies

作　者: 吴冬梅
导　师: 叶定国
学　校: 郑州大学
专　业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 非言语语言语用失误形式原因策略
分类号: H030
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2008年
下　载: 133次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

如今,跨文化交际已成为国际间交流的重要特征。然而,由于跨文化交际者对外语相关知识掌握的不够或不了解异族文化的特点,经常在跨文化交际中出现语用上的多种失误,影响跨文化交际的质量,甚至导致交际的失败。因此,对跨文化交际语用失误的研究已成为当代语言学研究的一个具有重要理论意义和实用价值的课题。本文首先从实际应用的角度分析了非语言交际在跨文化交际的重要性,并指出非言语语言语用失误会导致人们交流的失败,成为人际以及国际间交流的障碍。文章的第三章首先列举了毕继万的将人们交流中常见的非言语语言信息所分成的四大类:肢体语言、副语言、客体语和环境语。然后分别以举例的方式分析了这四类非言语语言信息可能导致的语用失误。第四章从两个大的方面分析了导致这些失误的原因:文化与文化之间差异的客观存在成为跨文化交际中非言语语言语用失误的首要原因;进行跨文化交际者由于受自身文化背景以及思维的制约而产生的心理倾向性也成为非言语语言语用失误的重要原因。第五章则是针对这些语用失误,作者给出了一些可能的方法去改善这些失误,为跨文化交际者实现成功的交际提供更多的可能。第六章是整篇文章的结论部分,作者在此部分指出自身研究的局限性并对未来的相关研究提出建议。

全文目录

Abstract  4-6
摘要  6-7
Acknowledgements  7-12
Chapter One: Introduction  12-22
  1.1 Nonverbal Language in Communication  12-17
    1.1.1 Pragmatic Functions of Nonverbal Language in Communication  13-15
    1.1.2 Importance of Nonverbal Language in Communication  15-17
  1.2 Purpose of This Thesis  17-20
  1.3 Layout of This Thesis  20-22
Chapter Two: Literature Review  22-31
  2.1 The Historical Perspective of Nonverbal Communication  22-24
  2.2 Theoretical Origin of Nonverbal Language  24-30
    2.2.1 Jenny. Thomas' Definition of Pragmatic Failure  26-28
    2.2.2 Limitations of Thomas' Definition  28-29
    2.2.3 Re-defining Intercultural Pragmatic Failure  29-30
  2.3 Bi Jiwan's Intercultural Nonverbal Communication  30-31
Chapter Three: Forms of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failures  31-48
  3.1 Introduction of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failure  31-32
  3.2 Pragmatic Failure of Body Language  32-36
    3.2.1 Definition of Body Language  32-33
    3.2.2 Pragmatic Failure of Body Language  33-36
  3.3 Pragmatic Failure of Paralanguage  36-39
    3.3.1 Definition of Paralanguage  36-38
    3.3.2 Pragmatic Failure of Paralanguage  38-39
  3.4 Pragmatic Failure of Object Language  39-43
    3.4.1 Definition of Object Language  39-40
    3.4.2 Forms of Pragmatic Failure of Object Language  40-43
  3.5 Pragmatic Failure of Environmental Language  43-48
    3.5.1 Definition of Environmental Language  43-45
    3.5.2 Forms of Pragmatic Failure of Environmental Language  45-48
Chapter Four: Causes of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failure  48-68
  4.1 Culture & the Differences Between Cultures—from the Objective Perspective  48-62
    4.1.1 Definition of Culture  48-50
    4.1.2 Culture & Communication  50-52
    4.1.3 Cultural Features of Nonverbal Language  52-54
    4.1.4 Culture's Impact on Nonverbal Communication  54-62
      4.1.4.1 Culture's Nonverbal Message Systems  54-58
      4.1.4.2 Culture May Bring Improper Cultural Attitudes  58-62
  4.2 Communicators in the Cross-cultural Communication —from the Subjective Perspective  62-68
    4.2.1 Seeking Similarities  62-63
    4.2.2 Uncertainty Reduction  63-64
    4.2.3 Stereotyping and Prejudice  64-66
      4.2.3.1 Stereotyping  64-65
      4.2.3.2 Prejudice  65-66
    4.2.4 Ethnocentrism  66-68
Chapter Five: Strategies to Deal with Nonverbal Pragmatic Failures  68-81
  5.1 Strategies Related Closely to Culture—from the Macroscopic Angle  68-72
    5.1.1 Awareness of Cultures' Differences  68-69
    5.1.2 Awareness of Cultures' Equality  69-70
    5.1.3 Avoiding Inappropriate Cultural Attitudes  70-71
    5.1.4 Viewing Cultural Norms Dynamically  71-72
  5.2 Strategies Related to the Communicators in the Cross-cultural Communication—from the Microscopic Angle  72-81
    5.2.1 Knowing ourselves  72-73
    5.2.2 Considering the Physical and Human Settings  73-75
    5.2.3 Knowing Diverse Nonverbal Message Systems  75-76
    5.2.4 Developing Empathy  76-78
    5.2.5 Encouraging Feedback  78-79
    5.2.6 Developing Communication Flexibility  79-81
Chapter Six: Conclusion and Revelations of the Thesis  81-86
  6.1 Conclusion  81-83
  6.2 Revelations on Future Language Teaching and Learning  83-84
  6.3 Revelations on Future Concerned Research  84-86
Works Cited  86-87

A Study of Nonverbal Pragmatic Failure: Forms, Causes, and Avoiding Strategies

内容摘要

全文目录

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