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评价理论下的英汉恭维语研究

作　者: 苏冰
导　师: 潘永梁
学　校: 中国人民解放军外国语学院
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 恭维语评价理论理论框架二十世纪九十年代说话人跨文化差异言语行为理论礼貌理论子体鉴赏能力
分类号: H030
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2005年
下　载: 749次
引　用: 11次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

恭维语(compliment language)在言语行为的研究中具有举足轻重的地位。很多专家、学者曾对恭维语的语言公式、称赞话题、策略以及跨文化差异和性别间差异进行过研究,并取得了很大的成绩。然而,这些研究的理论基础较为单一,主要在两大理论的指导下进行,即言语行为理论和礼貌理论,因此必然导致研究结果的单一性。即便如此,他们的研究成果也为本文的分析奠定了基础。本文尝试在一个新的理论框架——评价理论(the AppraisalFramework)下对英汉恭维语进行分类和对比研究。评价理论是系统功能语言学家马丁(J?R?Martin)在二十世纪九十年代初提出的,发展至今已形成一个描述和解释语言使用的理论体系。以往对人际意义的研究仅限于语法范畴,不能清楚地说明说话者的态度。而马丁提出的评价理论正是弥补了这一缺失,从情感,判断,鉴赏能力等角度对“态度”这个研究得较为薄弱的人际意义范畴进行了系统的分类和处理。评价理论可分为三个子体系,即态度(Attitude)、级次(Graduation)和介入(Engagement)。态度指说话人以个人情感或社会价值体系为依据所表达的对人或事的评价;级次表现话语的语气是强还是弱,语言是模糊还是鲜明;介入描述说话人以何种方式表达个人与他人和事物的关系,从而表现他在话语中的投入程度。本文将以其中的两个子体系——态度和级次为理论框架,在此框架下结合恭维语的特点创造一个全新的“恭维语态度框架”(Attitudinal Compliment Framework)。在本研究中,笔者通过问卷调查收集来的700 条中英文语料,逐条在“恭维语态度框架”下进行标注和分类,从而建立了一个中英恭维语

全文目录

Acknowledgements  2-4
Synopsis in Chinese  4-6
Contents  6-10
Abbreviations  10-12
Charts and Tables  12-15
Chapter 1 Introduction  15-21
  1.1 Compliments: the Issue  15-17
  1.2 This Thesis: a New Attempt  17-18
  1.3 Research Method Adopted  18-19
  1.4 Organization of the Present Thesis  19-21
Chapter 2 Theoretical Background: The Appraisal Framework  21-38
  2.1 An Overview of the Appraisal Framework  21-24
  2.2 Three Sub-theories of Appraisal  24-27
    2.2.1 Attitude  24
    2.2.2 Engagement  24-26
    2.2.3 Graduation  26-27
  2.3 The Subsystems Adopted: a More Detailed Description  27-38
    2.3.1 The System of Affect  28-30
    2.3.2 The System of Judgment  30-32
    2.3.3 The System of Appreciation  32-35
    2.3.4 Grading Attitudes  35-38
Chapter 3 Literature Review on Appraisal Framework and Compliments  38-51
  3.1 Studies on Appraisal  38-42
    3.1.1 Appraisal Applied to Media Discourse  39-41
    3.1.2 Appraisal Applied to Autobiography and SLA  41-42
    3.1.3 Relevance to the Present Study  42
  3.2 Studies on Compliments  42-48
    3.2.1 Compliment Formulas  43-45
    3.2.2 Compliment Topic  45
    3.2.3 Compliment as a Gender-preferential Strategy  45-46
    3.2.4 Compliment Research Theories  46-47
    3.2.5 Relevance to the Present Study  47-48
  3.3 Theoretical Construct of the Present Research: Attitudinal Compliment Framework (ACF)  48-51
    3.3.1 Attitudinal Compliment Scheme: a Major Resource  48-49
    3.3.2 Force Continuum: an Attendant Resource  49-51
Chapter 4 Research Questions and Methodology  51-59
  4.1 The Present Research Question: Compliments under the Appraisal Framework  51-52
  4.2 Subjects  52-53
  4.3 Instruments and Materials  53-54
  4.4 Research Procedures  54-59
    4.4.1 Data Collection  55-56
    4.4.2 Data Coding  56-59
Chapter 5 Compliment in English  59-80
  5.1 Thoughts on the Classification of Compliments  59-60
    5.1.1 A Single Compliment and a Complex Compliment  59-60
    5.1.2 Exclusion of Non-compliment  60
  5.2 Attitudinal Compliment Framework of English  60-74
    5.2.1 Attitudinal Compliment Scheme  61-71
      5.2.1.1 Affect  61-65
      5.2.1.2 Judgement  65-68
      5.2.1.3 Appreciation  68-71
    5.2.2 Force Continuum  71-74
      5.2.2.1 Functional-word Force Continuum  72-73
      5.2.2.2 Lexical-word Force Continuum  73-74
  5.3 Data Distribution  74-80
    5.3.1 Data of Attitudinal Compliment Scheme: a Total Sketch  74-77
    5.3.2 Data of Attitudinal Compliment Scheme: across Genders  77-78
    5.3.3 Data Distribution of Force Continuum  78-80
Chapter 6 Compliment in Chinese  80-97
  6.1 Attitudinal Compliment Framework of Chinese  80-91
    6.1.1 Attitudinal Compliment Scheme  80-89
      6.1.1.1 Affect  80-84
      6.1.1.2 Judgement  84-88
      6.1.1.3 Appreciation  88-89
    6.1.2 Force Continuum  89-91
      6.1.2.1 Functional-word Force Continuum  90
      6.1.2.2 Lexical-word Force Continuum  90-91
  6.2 Data Distribution  91-97
    6.2.1 Data of Attitudinal Compliment Scheme: a Total Sketch  91-94
    6.2.2 Data of Attitudinal Compliment Scheme: across Genders  94-95
    6.2.3 Data Distribution of Force Continuum  95-97
Chapter 7 A Contrastive Study of English Compliments and Compliments in the Appraisal Framework  97-121
  7.1 Cross-group Comparison  97-101
    7.1.1 Attitudinal Compliment Scheme Comparison  97-100
    7.1.2 Functional-word Force Continuum Comparison  100-101
  7.2 Cross-gender Comparison  101-106
    7.2.1 Attitudinal Compliment Scheme Comparison  101-105
    7.2.2 Functional-word Force Continuum Comparison  105-106
  7.3 Further findings: Some Common Features of Compliment Language  106-107
  7.4 Discussion on the Major Findings  107-115
    7.4.1 Discussion of the Data Distribution: across Groups  108-113
      7.4.1.1 Discussion about Attitudinal Compliment Scheme  108-111
      7.4.1.2 Discussions about Functional-word Force Continuum  111-113
    7.4.2 Discussion of the Data Distribution: across Genders  113-115
  7.5 A Case Study of English and Chinese Compliment Language  115-121
Chapter 8 Conclusion  121-128
  8.1 Summary of the Present Research and Major Findings  121-124
    8.1.1 Compliment: a Classification from the Perspective of Functional Grammar  122-123
    8.1.2 A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Compliment under the Appraisal Framework  123-124
    8.1.3 A Case Study  124
  8.2 Significance of the Research  124-125
    8.2.1 Theoretical Implications  124-125
    8.2.2 Empirical Significance  125
  8.3 Limitations of the Present Research and Prospects for Future Work  125-128
Bibliography  128-134
Appendix Ⅰ: English Questionnaire  134-138
Appendix Ⅱ: Chinese Questionnaire  138-141
Appendix Ⅲ: Results of Part Two of the Questionnaire  141

评价理论下的英汉恭维语研究

内容摘要

全文目录

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