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英语介词短语的语义重叠与识解：认知—语料库分析

作　者: 秦欢华
导　师: 蒋平
学　校: 南昌大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 介词短语语义重叠识解语料库
分类号: H313
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2009年
下　载: 68次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

本论文对同宾但不同义的英语介词短语进行共时语义研究。它勾勒出了一种语言描写的模式,即整合了认知和语料库这两大方法分析语义对比。认知语言学认为,所有语言意义本质上都是概念的,即意义蕴于概念化中。它的一个重要创见是,空间场景可以用多种方式来识解或审视。兰盖克把识解定义为“我们用不同方式构想和描述相同情景的能力”。本研究在认知语言学的原则基础上探讨介词短语的语义重叠与区别,提出假说:特定介词的选择反映了说话者对特定场景识解的结果,即介词的选择取决于对情景概念化的方式。实证上,本研究采用英国国家语料库验证介词短语对的普遍性,并提供真实的例子来确保客观性、可信性和有效性。以往分析关注单个介词的多义性,本研究则考察不同介词之间区别性特征。具体地说,本论文将采用海姆旺德的“范畴—域—识解”三元模式来分析近义介词短语对之间的语义差别。它沿着认知语言学的三个元素进行:根据“范畴”,介词是多义的;根据“域”,介词短语对中的介词在使用中是有区别的;根据“识解”,介词短语对在意义上依说话者的意图而加以区分。本研究首先运用识解操作的两个维度分析空间域的介词短语对:突显(包括指向,注意力辖域和梯度调整)和构成(结构图式化)。接着提出介词短语对在非空间域的语义重叠与差别可从其对应的空间域找到根源并得以预测。最后提出了“认知域互动”问题,假定介词短语对的意义可通过它们激活的认知域来识别。在理论和实证基础上,本论文得出以下结论。首先,两个近义的介词组成了一个可区别的介词短语对,其相应的介词短语的意义是完全不同的。这证实了认知语言学的主张,即两个语言项目尽管有相同来源也并不同义。其次,把一个介词与另一个介词并置是细化其意义的最佳方法。这印证了在语言中形式上的交替会产生意义上的改变的论断。再次,一特定介词的选择是由意义决定的,且由说话者对其宾语或补足语的特定识解来表征。这验证了语言项目的使用反映了说话者的交际意图的观点。它指导说话者正确使用语言项目。本论文的核心论点是一特定场景可用不同方式表达,不同的概念化由不同的介词编码。

全文目录

Abstract  4-6
摘要  6-7
Acknowledgements  7-12
List of Figures  12
List of Tables  12-13
List of Abbreviations  13-14
Chapter 1 Introduction  14-28
  1.1 Goal of the Study  14-17
  1.2 Theoretical Foundations  17-26
    1.2.1 Category  19-21
    1.2.2 Domain  21-23
    1.2.3 Construal  23-26
  1.3 Assumptions  26-27
  1.4 Organization of the Thesis  27-28
Chapter 2 Literature Review: State of the Art  28-44
  2.1 Introduction  28
  2.2 Traditional Approaches  28-34
    2.2.1 The descriptive approach  29-30
    2.2.2 The componential approach  30-31
    2.2.3 The geometric/topological approach  31-32
    2.2.4 The Procedural Semantics topological approach  32-34
  2.3 Cognitive Approaches  34-41
    2.3.1 Figure-ground alignment and trajector-landmark configuration  34-36
    2.3.2 The Conceptual Semantics preference rules approach  36-38
    2.3.3 The Cognitive Semantics image-schemas approach  38-39
    2.3.4 The Cognitive-functional approach  39-40
    2.3.5 Principled polysemy model  40-41
  2.4 A Survey of the Recent MA Theses at Home  41-44
Chapter 3 Methodology  44-52
  3.1 Construal Operations of Preposition Alternation  44-48
  3.2 Corpus-based Model of Analysis  48-50
  3.3 Procedures  50-52
Chapter 4 Semantic Overlap and Construal of PPs in Spatial Domains  52-69
  4.1 Introduction  52-53
  4.2 The Domain of Basic Dimension  53-56
    4.2.1 The point-surface distinction: at vs. on  54
    4.2.2 The point-area distinction: at vs. in  54-55
    4.2.3 The point-volume distinction: at vs. in  55
    4.2.4 The surface-volume distinction: on vs. in  55
    4.2.5 The surface-area distinction: on vs. in  55-56
  4.3 The Domain of Destination  56-57
    4.3.1 The result-process distinction (2DIM.): on vs. onto  56-57
    4.3.2 The result-process distinction (3DIM.): in vs. into  57
  4.4 The Domain of Separation/Source  57-59
    4.4.1 The starting point vs. departing surface/line distinction: from vs. off  58
    4.4.2 The departing surface vs. departing container distinction: off vs. out of  58
    4.4.3 The starting point vs. departing container distinction: from vs. out of  58-59
  4.5 The Domain of Relative Positions  59-64
    4.5.1 The domain of vertical position  60-61
      4.5.1.1 The potential contact vs. non-contact distinction: over vs. above  60-61
      4.5.1.2 The potential contact vs. non-contact distinction: under vs. below  61
    4.5.2 The domain of horizontal position  61-62
      4.5.2.1 The mirror-image vs. in tandem distinction: in front of vs. before  62
      4.5.2.2 The location-sequence distinction: behind vs. after  62
    4.5.3 The domain of lateral position  62-63
      4.5.3.1 The proximity-farness distinction: by vs. near  63
      4.5.3.2 The purposeful-aimless distinction: at vs. by  63
    4.5.4 The domain of middle position  63-64
      4.5.4.1 The double-multiple distinction: between vs. among  63-64
    4.5.5 The domain of surrounding position  64
      4.5.5.1 The random-circular distinction: about vs. around  64
  4.6 The Domain of Passage  64-66
    4.6.1 The planar-cubic distinction: across vs. through  65
    4.6.2 The potential stopover vs. complete covering distinction: by vs. past  65-66
  4.7 The Domain of Orientation  66-68
    4.7.1 The primary vs. oblique goal distinction: to vs. for  66-67
    4.7.2 The endpoint-direction distinction: to vs. towards  67
    4.7.3 The proximity-farness distinction: across vs. beyond  67-68
  4.8 The Domain of Pervasion  68-69
    4.8.1 The localized-penetrative distinction: around vs. throughout  68-69
Chapter 5 Semantic Overlap and Construal of PPs in Non-spatial Domains  69-80
  5.1 Introduction  69-70
  5.2 The Domain of Time  70-73
    5.2.1 The point-period distinction: at vs. in  70-71
    5.2.2 The exact-vague distinction: on vs. in  71
    5.2.3 The exclusion-inclusion distinction: before vs. by  71-72
    5.2.4 The process-result distinction: over vs. through  72-73
  5.3 The Domain of Cause/Reason  73-74
    5.3.1 The direct-intended distinction: from vs. for  73-74
  5.4 The Domain of Purpose/Target  74-75
    5.4.1 The hostility-goodwill distinction: at vs. to  74-75
    5.4.2 The intended vs. ultimate destination distinction: for vs. to  75
  5.5 The Domain of Means/Agentive  75-76
    5.5.1 The agentive-instrument distinction: by vs. with  75-76
  5.6 Other Abstract Domains  76-80
    5.6.1 The open-closed distinction: on vs. in  76-77
    5.6.2 The direct-indirect distinction: to vs. for  77
    5.6.3 The slightly higher vs. much higher distinction: over vs. above  77-78
    5.6.4 The slightly lower vs. much lower distinction: under vs. below  78-80
Chapter 6 Domain Interaction  80-85
  6.1 Introduction  80
  6.2 Interaction between Spatial Domains  80-82
    6.2.1 The parallel-nearness distinction: along vs. beside  80-81
    6.2.2 The outward-exterior distinction: out of vs. outside  81
    6.2.3 The vague-exact distinction: at vs. by  81-82
  6.3 Interaction between Non-spatial Domains  82
    6.3.1 The recipient-accompaniment distinction:for vs. with  82
  6.4 Interaction between Spatial Domains and Non-spatial Domains  82-85
    6.4.1 The pervasion-agentive distinction: with vs. by  82-83
    6.4.2 The means-passage distinction: by vs. through  83-85
Chapter 7 Discussion and Conclusion  85-90
  7.1 Major Findings of This Study  86-87
  7.2 Theoretical and Practical Implications  87-88
  7.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research  88-90
References  90-99
攻读硕士学位期间的研究成果  99

英语介词短语的语义重叠与识解：认知—语料库分析

内容摘要

全文目录

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