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农业可持续发展与农业机械化

作　者: 杨玉林
导　师: 白人朴
学　校: 中国农业大学
专　业: 农业机械化工程
关键词: Agriculture Sustainable Development Agricultural Mechanization Evaluation Index System
分类号: S23
类　型: 博士论文
年　份: 2001年
下　载: 685次
引　用: 8次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

Based on analyses of the basic theories and rules of sustainable development, the characters of agricultural mechanization, as well as the opportunities and challenges for China agriculture, the relation of agricultural mechanization and agricultural sustainable development is studied.Development and harmony are the two cores of sustainable development. Development is to promote the ability of utilizing natural resources by substituting advanced productivity for underdeveloped one, and harmony is to regulate the relation of nature and human, along with that of human and human. Agricultural mechanization is the trend of productivity’s development, and human’s being in harmony with nature is possible and necessary in the course of agricultural mechanization development. Its advanced function should be sufficiently brought into play and its disadvantage function should be avoided by all means, all of above have been proved in agricultural production in many countries.As a traditional research focus of valuing the ability of agricultural sustainable development, many systems of valuing indices are not used in practice widely because they either contain too many indices or are difficult to measure. Now the researches are going on. In the new valuing indices which are divided into restricted factors and harmony factors, a set of a scientific and practical valuing system which can evaluate the state and direction of agricultural sustainable development is proposed in this paper according to the idea that attaches equal importance to capacity’s building and harmonious developing. The state of sustainable development is valued according to departure from normal state. At present, China agriculture has stronger developing ability but poor harmony so that problems such as agricultural overpopulation, soil erosion and in excess of exploitation of groundwater have to be solved in course of development.Statistical data indicates that GNP per person and birthrate is closely related to the ratio of agricultural worker in all employees, which is closely related to the level of agricultural mechanization. In the course of urbanization and industrialization, human can promote national income and control the increase of population by improving industrial and agricultural productivity continually. It helps to deal with the sustainable development of agriculture and national income in the course of development. Those are very important to the countries that need farther development and have to control increase of population.The economic carrying capacity of plow lands is a very important concept with the economy globlizations. It can determine the minimum scale of maintaining agricultural sustainable development microcosmically, and help to estimate the optimal population in field of agriculture macrocosmically. According to the China economic standard at present, it needs about 2.0 hm2 plow lands at least for a peasant to maintain the ability of unsustainable development and the population capacity of China plow lands is about 250 million people. The population of 440 million in all of farming, fishery, forestry, and stock-raising is suitable.To carry out agriculture sustainable development, it is necessary to pay attention to building the capacity of agriculture sustainable development and to speeding up agricultural mechanization. Agricultural mechanical technology with high efficiency should be made use of firstly. Excessive and inappropriate use of agricultural mechanization can lead to resource waste and environmental destruction to some extent.In order to form an appropriate environment for agricultural mechanization development and improve the agricultural mechanization level, on One hand, marketization and socialization of agricultural mechanization service should be speed up according to the demand of productivity, on the other hand, related laws and statutes should be consummated.

全文目录

第一章绪论  7-19
  第一节问题的提出  7-8
  第二节文献综述  8-13
    一、国外研究概况  8-11
    二、国内研究概况  11-13
  第三节研究目的和意义  13-14
    一、目标  13
    二、意义  13-14
  第四节研究内容与方法  14-16
    一、研究内容  14-15
    二、研究方法  15-16
    三、论文的结构体系  16
  参考文献  16-19
第二章可持续发展的基本理论、原则与核心问题  19-29
  第一节生存与发展  19
  第二节现代可持续发展的概念、公理  19-22
  第三节人类发展的时间谱系与可持续发展的基本问题  22-24
  第四节判定可持续发展的基本原则  24-25
  第五节可持续发展的两个核心问题：能力与和谐  25-27
  本章小结  27-28
  参考文献  28-29
第三章农业可持续发展与农业机械化的关系  29-65
  第一节农业机械化发展理论分析  29-32
    一、概念与内涵  29
    二、理论分析  29-32
  第二节农业可持续发展与农业机械化框架分析  32-44
    一、我国农业机械化与农业生产持续发展之间的关系  32-38
    二、国外农业机械化与农业生产持续发展之间的关系  38-44
  第三节农业机械化与国民经济可持续发展  44-47
  第四节农业机械化与人类可持续发展  47-53
    一、农业机械化以前人口发展特点  47-50
    二、农业机械化对人口发展的影响  50-53
  第五节农业机械化与农业经济可持续发展  53-59
    一、耕地经济承载力  53-56
    二、提高耕地经济承载力与实现农业持续发展的途径  56-59
  第六节农业机械化对农业可持续发展的负面影响  59-61
    一、破坏了地面植被和土壤结构，降低了土壤的抗侵蚀能力  59-61
    二、过度垦荒，对生物多样性的破坏  61
    三、大量使用以石油为能源的农业机械，对可待续发展的负面影响  61
  本章小结  61-62
  参考文献  62-65
第四章农业可持续发展主标体系的建立和应用  65-95
  第一节农业可持续发展概述  65-66
  第二节农业可持续发展指标体系及其分析  66-78
    一、可持续反展评价模式  66-69
    二、我国可持续发展评价指标体系及其分析  69-73
    三、约束因子辨识  73-77
    四、约束因子方差、均方差定义与计算  77-78
  第三节农业可持续发展指标体系及其评价模式  78-87
    一、设置指标的原则与假设  79-80
    二、评价模式利评价指标的确定  80-87
    三、评价结果分析  87
  第四节农业可持续发展的模式  87-92
    一、美国模式  87-89
    二、日本－韩国－台湾地区的模式  89-90
    二、我国农业可持发展模式的战略性选择  90-92
  本章小结  92-93
  参考文献  93-95
第五章我国农业机械化向可持续发展型转变的主攻重点  95-124
  第一节我国可持续发展农业的机遇与面临的挑战  95-101
    一、农村人口过多将是长期制约我国实现持续发展的重大问题  96
    二、水土资源流失非农占地增多影响农业可持续发展  96
    三、农民文化水平太低  96-97
    四、森林资源不足，分布不均匀  97-98
    五、环境污染严重  98
    六、我国农业机械装备还不适应农业可持续发展的要求  98-101
  第二节积极推进我国主要农作物生产过程机械化和产业化经营  101-104
    一、积极推进主要农作物环节机械化向全程机械化发展  102-103
    二、推进农业产业化经营  103-104
  第三节重点推广节本增效、和谐发展的先进农业机械化实用技术  104-118
    一、机械化育苗移栽技术  105-108
    二、节水灌溉技术  108-111
    三、化肥机械化深施技术  111-117
    四、保护性耕作技术  117-118
  第四节推进农机化服务的市场化、社会化进程  118-119
  第五节加强法制建设和农机化标准化体系建设  119-120
  本章小结  120-121
  参考文献  121-124
第六章结论与建议  124-127
  一、主要结论  124-126
  二、建议  126-127
附表  127-130
致谢  130-131

农业可持续发展与农业机械化

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