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目前中国花生出口的障碍及原因对策分析

作　者: 刘丽娟
导　师: 修月祯
学　校: 北京第二外国语学院
专　业: 英语语言文学
关键词: 绿色壁垒政策壁垒花生产业化花生行业协会
分类号: F203
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2008年
下　载: 307次
引　用: 2次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

中国目前已成为世界花生的生产、消费和出口大国,花生总产量和出口量均占世界第一,是我国为数不多的具有明显竞争优势的出口创汇农产品,年出口量占世界出口市场的42%。欧美科学家、科研机构和农业部门新近研究证实花生具有平衡膳食,预防心血管病、糖尿病和肥胖,抑制癌症生长和抗衰老的防病保健功能。地中海健康膳食广泛使用花生,美国心脏病学会大力提倡食用花生油,哈佛大学设计出深受欢迎的花生减肥食谱,这些研究和消费引导促使美欧食用花生的消费量连年上升。然而,在国际上具有一定的声誉和竞争优势的中国花生近年来出口形势并不乐观。本文在介绍绿色壁垒和政策壁垒的基础上,进一步分析了目前中国花生出口所面临的日益严峻的制约困境。日本的肯定列表,欧盟的黄曲霉素到岸检验是中国花生企业最棘手的问题,越来越多的到岸超标情况,接连的退货使我国花生出口额持续下滑。此外,花生出口退税的取消以及人民币(相对于美元)的升值也对中国的花生出口造成一定的冲击。为保持中国花生在国际市场上的出口地位,本文针对花生出口受到的制约,从花生种植商,加工出口企业,花生行业以及政府等各方面分析其原因,并在借鉴世界其它花生出口国成功经验的基础上,对上述各相关方提出具体的建议和对策。文章共分五个部分。第一章,介绍中国花生的出口情况,其中包括出口优势和主要的出口市场。第二章,结合国际市场日益高筑的绿色壁垒和政策壁垒对近年来中国花生出口不断出现的退货现象进行分析,同时,对制约出口的其它因素进行简要说明。第三章,从花生种植商,加工出口企业,国际市场以及政府等各方面分析了中国花生出口障碍的主要原因。第四章,主要对其它花生出口国的成功经验进行分析总结,包括美国政府对农业的高度重视以及一系列的优惠补贴措施,阿根廷为提高花生产业的产业化水平所进行的物流改造。第五章,在经验借鉴的基础上,向种植商,加工出口企业和政府部门提出一系列建议。最后,总结全文并指出发展花生产业的战略意义。

全文目录

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS  5-6
摘要  6-7
ABSTRACT  7-11
Introduction  11-14
Chapter One A Brief Account of Peanut Export Situation in China  14-19
  1.1 The Export Advantages of China's Peanut  15-16
  1.2 The Export Markets of China's Peanut  16
  1.3 The Constraints of China's Peanut Export  16-19
Chapter Two The Existing Problems of China's Peanut Export  19-30
  2.1 The Increase of Returned Shipment of Chinese Peanut Exports  19-20
  2.2 Green Trade Barrier  20-22
    2.2.1 Definition of Green Trade Barrier  20-21
    2.2.2 The Impacts of GTB upon China's Peanut Exports  21-22
  2.3 Policy Trade Barriers  22-24
  2.4 Other Constraints of Chinese Peanut Exports  24-30
    2.4.1 The Reduced Profit Margin  24
    2.4.2 Low Level Product Mix  24-25
    2.4.3 The Repealing of Export Tax Rebates  25-29
      2.4.3.1 The Background  25-26
      2.4.3.2 The Issue of the Agreement  26-27
      2.4.3.3 The Effect of the Adjustments  27-28
      2.4.3.4 Actions to Be Taken  28-29
    2.4.4 The Appreciation of Chinese Currency to US Dollar  29-30
Chapter Three Main Causes of the Obstacles to China's Peanut Export  30-38
  3.1 Causes on Farmers' Side  30-31
  3.2 Causes on Enterprises' Side  31-33
    3.2.1 Lack of Model Enterprises and Market Leader  31-32
    3.2.2 Not Enough Cohesion Power  32
    3.2.3 Insufficient Industrialization  32-33
  3.3 Causes from the International Market  33-35
    3.3.1 The Increasing Green Trade Policies  33-34
    3.3.2 The Barriers of Trade Policies  34-35
  3.4 Causes on Government's side  35-38
    3.4.1 Too Much Reliance on Market Regulation  35-36
    3.4.2 Weak Policy Support  36
    3.4.3 Insufficient Support on Peanut Scientific Research  36
    3.4.4 No Specialized Peanut Organization National-wide  36-38
Chapter Four Market Analysis of Competing Countries and Their Experience  38-49
  4.1 Peanut Market in America  38-45
    4.1.1 Market Prospects of American Peanut  38-39
    4.1.2 Peanut Industrial Association  39-42
      4.1.2.1 General Description about Industrial Association in America  39-40
      4.1.2.2 Characteristics of American Industrial Association for Agricultural Products  40-42
    4.1.3 Well-established Legislation on Agriculture  42
    4.1.4 The Government's Great Attention Paid to Agriculture  42-43
    4.1.5 Scientific and Technological Advantages  43
    4.1.6 Complete Marketing Network and Outstanding Marketing Capability  43-44
    4.1.7 Rational Distribution of Industry Structure  44
    4.1.8 The Disadvantage in Peanut Cultivation  44-45
  4.2 Peanut Market in Argentina  45-47
    4.2.1 Status Quo of Argentina Peanut Industry  45
    4.2.2 Lacking in Variety  45
    4.2.3 Logistics Reformation in Peanut Industry  45-47
  4.3 Peanut Market in Holland  47-49
Chapter Five Suggestions and Countermeasures  49-67
  5.1 For Peanut Producers  49-50
    5.1.1 Stabilization of Area under Cultivation  49
    5.1.2 Adoption of Improved Varieties and Technologies  49
    5.1.3 Joining in Peanut Industrial Association  49-50
  5.2 For enterprises  50-61
    5.2.1 A Correct Attitude on Discrimination Problem  50-51
    5.2.2 Establishing a National-wide Peanut Industry Association  51-55
      5.2.2.1 Provincial Peanut Industrial Associations with Little Influence  52
      5.2.2.2 Experience of American Peanut Council  52-55
    5.2.3 Speeding up Logistics Transformation in Peanut Industry  55-57
      5.2.3.1 Present Situation of Logistics in Peanut Industry  56
      5.2.3.2 The Limitations of Peanut Natural Drying  56-57
      5.2.3.3 Logistics Transformation Needs to Be Made  57
    5.2.4 Improvement in Peanut Processing and Marketing  57-58
    5.2.5 Employing Export Credit Insurance  58-61
      5.2.5.1 Introduction of CECC and Services it Provides  58-59
      5.2.5.2 The Role of Export Credit Insurance  59-61
  5.3 For Governments  61-67
    5.3.1 More Support  61-63
      5.3.1.1 Intensifying Policy Assistance  61-62
      5.3.1.2 Accelerating the Development of Peanut Processing Industry  62
      5.3.1.3 New Ways to Strengthen Peanut Market Management  62-63
      5.3.1.4 Expanding Peanut Market  63
    5.3.2 Cooperation with Producers and Enterprises  63
    5.3.3 Popularizing International Standards  63-64
    5.3.4 Supporting Model Enterprises and Market Leaders  64-65
    5.3.5 Developing Peanut Industrial Associations  65-67
      5.3.5.1 Protective Laws and Regulations  65
      5.3.5.2 Favorable Economic Policies  65-67
Conclusion  67-68
Bibliography  68-70
指导教师评语  70

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