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日常会话中的语用预设研究

作　者: 杨静
导　师: 彭灵芝
学　校: 武汉科技大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 语用预设特征准则操控作用
分类号: H030
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2010年
下　载: 160次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

以往的语言学领域中,预设在一直被语言学家作为一种语言现象来研究。预设依赖于一定的语言结构,因此它首先被语言学家作为一种语义现象来研究。随着语用学的兴起,语言学家提出了一系列的语用学理论来阐释预设现象,语用预设就是结合人类话语交际过程来对预设进行的研究。本论文的目的在于研究语用预设在日常会话中的作用,以及说话人是如何运用语用预设达到有效会话的。本文介绍了与预设相关的理论,如预设作为命题态度,预设作为适当条件,预设作为共有知识和预设的可取消性。通过陈述人类日常会话的过程,强调了语用预设在说话人的话语构建和听话人的话语理解方面所起的主要作用。在格赖斯的合作原则的基础上,提出了运用语用预设的准则(诚信准则和质量准则),并分析了日常会话中语用预设的特征——即合适性,共知性,主观性,隐蔽性和非规约性。通过讨论常规诱发语和会话诱发语,提出了说话人可以通过运用语音手段,词汇手段和句子手段等来操控语用预设以达到成功交际。最后,总结了语用预设在日常会话中的作用,即简洁明了,传递信息和达到特殊交际目的。因此,合理的运用语用预设有助于达到成功会话。通过研究日常会话中的语用预设,本文旨在进一步提高人们运用语言以达到成功会话的能力,并给予人们更多打开新视野的启示。

全文目录

摘要  4-5
Abstract  5-8
PartⅠ Introduction  8-12
  1.1 Research Background  8-9
  1.2 Objective  9-10
  1.3 Significance  10
  1.4 Framework  10-12
PartⅡ Literature Review of Presupposition  12-29
  2.1 Overview of Previous Studies on Presupposition  12-15
    2.1.1 Overview of Studies in West  12-14
    2.1.2 Overview of Studies in China  14-15
  2.2 Classification of Presupposition  15-19
    2.2.1 Semantic Presupposition  16-18
    2.2.2 Pragmatic Presupposition  18-19
    2.2.3 Relationship between Semantic and Pragmatic Presupposition  19
  2.3 Presupposition & Related Terms  19-23
    2.3.1 Presupposition and Entailment  19-21
    2.3.2 Presupposition and Assertion  21-22
    2.3.3 Presupposition and Information Focus  22-23
  2.4 Theories Related to Presupposition  23-29
    2.4.1 Propositional Attitude  23-24
    2.4.2 Felicity Condition  24-26
    2.4.3 Mutual Knowledge  26-27
    2.4.4 Cancellability  27-29
Part Ⅲ Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations  29-44
  3.1 Daily Conversation  29-30
    3.1.1 Process of Human Daily Conversations  29-30
    3.1.2 Human Cognition in Daily Conversations  30
  3.2 Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations  30-38
    3.2.1 Pragmatic Presupposition in Utterance Construction  31-32
    3.2.2 Pragmatic Presupposition in Utterance Understanding  32-33
    3.2.3 Pragmatic Presupposition & Co-operative Principles  33-34
    3.2.4 The Principles of Employing Pragmatic Presupposition  34-38
      3.2.4.1 Sincerity Maxim  34-36
      3.2.4.2 Quantity Maxim  36-38
  3.3 Properties of Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations  38-44
    3.3.1 Property of Felicity  38
    3.3.2 Property of Common Ground  38-41
    3.3.3 Property of Subjectiveness  41-42
    3.3.4 Property of Latency  42-43
    3.3.5 Property of Unconventionality  43-44
Part Ⅳ Manipulation of Pragmatic Presupposition in Daily Conversations  44-58
  4.1 Presupposition Triggers  44-47
    4.1.1 Conventional triggers  44-46
    4.1.2 Conversational Triggers  46-47
  4.2 Devices for the Employment of Pragmatic Presupposition  47-52
    4.2.1 Phonological Devices  48-49
    4.2.2 Lexical Devices  49-51
    4.2.3 Syntactic Devices  51-52
    4.2.4 Summary: Integrated Employment of These Devices  52
  4.3 Effects of Pragmatic Presupposition to Effective Conversations  52-58
    4.3.1 Being Economic  52-53
    4.3.2 Transmitting Information  53-55
    4.3.3 Achieving Special Communicative Intention  55-58
Part Ⅴ Conclusion  58-60
Bibliography  60-63
Acknowledgements  63

日常会话中的语用预设研究

内容摘要

全文目录

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