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认知隐喻相似性的跨语言研究

作　者: 胡娜
导　师: 吕公礼
学　校: 青岛大学
专　业: 外国语言学及应用语言学
关键词: 相似性隐喻认知类比
分类号: H05
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2011年
下　载: 52次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

相似性是隐喻的一个主要方面,同时也是隐喻研究中的一个重要议题。两千多年前,亚里士多德就指出,建构贴切的比喻就是发现相似性,他甚至认为用敏锐的眼光识别隐喻相似性的能力是天才的标志。近年来,随着认知语言学概念隐喻的发展,人们对隐喻相似性产生了新的兴趣。对相似性的探讨逐渐成为隐喻研究的重点课题。隐喻的研究目前已取得较为丰硕的成果,而对于隐喻相似性的专门研究却并不多见。尽管中外学者对隐喻相似性的研究有不同程度的涉及,但侧重点均有所不同,也尚未进行较为深入的研究,隐喻相似性的本质和类型远未取得较为一致的认识。本文在前人所做研究的基础上首先对目前提出的相似性观点、理论以及分类进行系统的整理和评析,然后尝试探索基于相似性的隐喻构建的一般规律及运作机制。在此基础上,本文立足于大量的英汉隐喻实例,归纳出隐喻相似性的基本类型,包括物理相似性、功能相似性、特征相似性、联觉相似性、感觉相似性、动作相似性、结构相似性以及过程相似性。为了证实和解释相似性在隐喻构建中的核心作用和一般规律性,本文从跨语言视角来探索相似性,对相似性在英语和汉语隐喻中表现出的跨语言共性进行研究和总结。在共性的基础上,本文讨论了相似性的跨语言和跨文化差异性及产生的原因。作为相似性共性的进一步延伸,本文最后运用相关理论,探索了相似性在思维及问题解决中的意义。

全文目录

摘要  3-4
Abstract  4-7
Chapter One Introduction  7-10
  1.1 The Background of Similarity in Metaphors  7
  1.2 The Motivation of the Study  7
  1.3 The Implication of the Study  7-8
  1.4 The Organization of the Study  8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review  10-28
  2.1 Major Ideas and Views of Similarity in Metaphors  10-20
    2.1.1 The Comparison Theory  10-11
    2.1.2 The Interaction Theory  11-12
    2.1.3 Similarity Based on Metaphor  12-13
    2.1.4 Metaphors Based on Similarity  13
    2.1.5 Similarity as the Basis of Name Changing in Metaphors  13-14
    2.1.6 Models for judging the Degree of Metaphors  14-16
    2.1.7 Similarity Arising from Interaction between the Subject and the Object  16-17
    2.1.8 Similarity as Cognitive Prominence  17-19
    2.1.9 Similarity from the Motivational Relevancy  19-20
  2.2 The Cognitive Basis of Similarity  20-22
    2.2.1 Cognitive Prominence  20
    2.2.2 Image Schema  20-21
    2.2.3 Association  21-22
    2.2.4 Imagination  22
  2.3 Earlier Classifications of Similarity  22-25
    2.3.1 Similarity-based Metaphors and Similarity-creating Metaphors  22-23
    2.3.2 Objective Similarity and Subjective Similarity  23-24
    2.3.3 Sensorial Similarity and Extra Sensorial Similarity  24
    2.3.4 Physical Similarity and Psychological Similarity  24-25
  2.4 Summary  25-28
Chapter Three Similarity in Cognitive Metaphors  28-44
  3.1 Similarity as the Basis of Metaphors  28-30
    3.1.1 Objectivity and Subjectivity of Similarity  28-29
    3.1.2 Similarity Creating Metaphors  29-30
  3.2 Construction of Metaphors on the Basis of Similarity  30-32
  3.3 A New Classification of Similarity  32-44
    3.3.1 Physical Similarity  33-36
      3.3.1.1 Shape  33
      3.3.1.2 Color  33-34
      3.3.1.3 Location  34-35
      3.3.1.4 Sound  35-36
    3.3.2 Characteristic Similarity  36-38
    3.3.3 Functional Similarity  38-39
    3.3.4 Synaesthetic Similarity  39-40
    3.3.5 Sensigenous Similarity  40-41
    3.3.6 Action Similarity  41-42
    3.3.7 Structural Similarity  42
    3.3.8 Process Similarity  42-44
Chapter Four Cross-Linguistic Perspective of Similarity  44-55
  4.1 Universality of Similarity  44-48
    4.1.1 Vehicle as a Trigger  44-45
    4.1.2 More Types of Similarity More Metaphorical  45-46
    4.1.3 Many Source Domains to Describe One Thing  46-48
    4.1.4 Non-arbitrariness and Abstractness of Similarity  48
  4.2 Motivation for Universality of Similarity  48-49
  4.3 Relativity of Similarity in Metaphors  49-52
    4.3.1 Using Names of Historical People as Vehicle  50
    4.3.2 Culture-specific Characteristics  50-51
    4.3.3 Similarity Related to Different Social Phenomena  51-52
  4.4 Reasons Resulting in Differences of Similarity in Metaphors  52-55
    4.4.1 Cultural and Historical Differences  52-53
    4.4.2 Knowledge Structure  53-55
Chapter Five Similarity and Thinking  55-59
  5.1 Metaphorical Thinking  55-56
  5.2 Analogical Thinking  56-58
    5.2.1 Features of Analogy  56-57
    5.2.2 Mechanism of Analogy  57-58
  5.3 The Role Similarity Plays in Metaphorical and Analogical Thinking  58-59
Conclusion  59-62
References  62-64
攻读学位期间的学术成果  64-65
Acknowledgements  65-66

认知隐喻相似性的跨语言研究

内容摘要

全文目录

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