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被动式设计在亚热带气候区办公建筑中的应用

作　者: 达以仁（Jerome DAMIENS）
导　师: 朱颖心
学　校: 清华大学
专　业: 土木工程
关键词: 自然通风被动式设计建筑能耗亚热带气候热舒适
分类号: TU243
类　型: 硕士论文
年　份: 2013年
下　载: 7次
引　用: 0次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

即将到来的全球能源危机使建筑能耗成为一个众人关注的问题。在中国、巴西这样快速发展的国家，未来二十年将出现大量新建建筑。研究表明，由于更高的环境控制的设备能耗和更高水平的人工照明能耗，这些新建建筑比原建筑的平均能耗更高。混合控制策略的建筑，在全年某些时段应用自然通风策略，在夏季最热月份采用空调控制策略。这种策略可以在保证舒适工作环境的前提下降低建筑能耗。虽然建筑自然通风热舒适标准证明了该策略的可行性，但是实际应用的案例还很少。因此有必要从实例角度进行证明。为了达到这一目的，论文针对深圳（中国南部，靠近广州）一栋办公建筑进行研究。该建筑采用了多种被动技术策略，除了全年最热的夏季月份之外，利用业主控制的窗户实现自然通风策略。论文针对通风策略对应的时段进行案例分析。热舒适调研结果显示工作区域的室内温度绝大多数落在ASHRAE-55适用于自然通风建筑的热舒适范围内，最大的问题在于冬天温度过低。当室内温度高于21oC时，用户的满意率超过80%。夏季空调期时，室内温度在26.5oC周边。常年室内温度超过28oC的工作小时为总数的4.3%。考虑本建筑中办公区域，能耗大约为60.2kWh.m2，与当地57个办公建筑样本数据库相比，该建筑比绝大多数建筑节能（能耗数据比数据库平均值与标准差的差值要低）。与文献中的分项能耗数据比较表明，该建筑能耗低是由于空调部分、照明和插座部分的能耗较低。作为分析比较，建立围护结构封闭的参考模型，模拟分析结果表明，实际建筑的潜热负荷小是由于该建筑全天和整年的空调时间短。分析建筑的显热负荷，各因素对显热负荷的影响差异较小，这些因素除了全天和全年的空调时间长短，还包括建筑屋顶遮阳设施、更高的建筑空调设定温度、由于更好地利用自然采光而导致的更少的人工照明。把公共区域涉及城市外空间是能达到这个效果的一个重要的因素。该研究结果充分证明了混合模式建筑在亚热带湿热气候条件下的可行性和有效性。办公建筑利用自然通风策略，可以兼顾能耗节约和环境舒适。这为建筑师提供了一种联系建筑使用者与外界环境的新思路。

全文目录

摘要  3-4
Abstract  4-10
第1章 Introduction  10-34
  1.1 Main facts and trends regarding non-residential buildings and of offices in China  10-13
  1.2 The issue of comfort  13-20
    1.2.1 Why comfort?  13-15
    1.2.2 The traditional approach to thermal comfort in the built environment  15-18
    1.2.3 Natural ventilation and the theory of adaptive comfort  18-20
  1.3 The case of subtropical/tropical climates  20-32
    1.3.1 Issues specific to subtropical/tropical climates  21-23
    1.3.2 Learning from the ancients?  23-28
      1.3.2.1 Thermalstrategiesofvernaculardwellingsinthesubtropicalareas of China  23-27
      1.3.2.2 A model applicable to the design of modern office buildings?  27-28
    1.3.3 Daytime natural ventilation in subtropical climates  28-32
      1.3.3.1 Limitations of current natural ventilation standards  28-29
      1.3.3.2 Natural ventilation in subtropical areas  29-31
      1.3.3.3 Natural ventilation: to what purpose?  31-32
      1.3.3.4 Mixed mode buildings as a feasible solution for extreme climates  32
  1.4 Purpose and content of the study  32-34
第2章 Presentation of the case building  34-55
  2.1 Climate of China and Shenzhen  34-41
    2.1.1 Climatic zones of China  34-38
    2.1.2 The subtropical climate of Shenzhen  38-41
  2.2 Building location and orientation  41-42
  2.3 General description of the building  42-48
  2.4 Air conditioning system  48-51
    2.4.1 System description  48-49
    2.4.2 Mode of operation  49-51
  2.5 An architectural alternative to the traditional office building  51-55
第3章 Indoor environment and comfort in the office spaces of the building  55-76
  3.1 Measurements effected  55-58
  3.2 Indoor environment  58-65
    3.2.1 Temporal evolution of indoor parameters  58-59
    3.2.2 Relationship between indoor and outdoor temperatures during working hours  59-61
    3.2.3 Statistics on the physical parameters  61-63
    3.2.4 Accordance with the standard ASHRAE 55  63-64
    3.2.5 Air velocities in the office room  64-65
  3.3 Comfort assessment by occupants  65-72
    3.3.1 Structure of the answer set  65
    3.3.2 Global comfort and acceptability  65-68
    3.3.3 Determinants of acceptability  68
    3.3.4 Thermal sensation and expectation  68-69
    3.3.5 humidity and wind velocity  69-71
    3.3.6 Comfort during the NV autumn period  71-72
  3.4 Use of different environment control systems  72-74
    3.4.1 Clothing  72
    3.4.2 Use of electric fans  72-73
    3.4.3 Use of windows  73-74
  3.5 Conclusion  74-76
第4章 Electricity consumption of the building  76-105
  4.1 Data collection and treatment  77-81
    4.1.1 Nature of the source material used  77-78
    4.1.2 Data treatment  78-81
      4.1.2.1 Use of data from the power bills  78-79
      4.1.2.2 Consistency check of the monitoring systems’ data and construc-tion of a reliable composite data set  79-81
  4.2 Electricity consumption of the building  81-86
    4.2.1 Final data set  81-82
    4.2.2 Electricity consumption of the entire building  82-84
    4.2.3 Breakdown of AC energy consumption  84-86
  4.3 Comparison with other office buildings  86-90
    4.3.1 Equivalent office building  86
    4.3.2 Comparison of yearly and monthly consumption levels  86-89
    4.3.3 Breakdown energy consumption comparison  89-90
  4.4 Analysis of the energy saving performance through simulation  90-105
    4.4.1 Construction of the DeST model  91
    4.4.2 Preparatory on-site investigation  91-101
      4.4.2.1 Characteristics of the simplified model  93-96
      4.4.2.2 Fine-tuning of the model  96-100
      4.4.2.3 Comparison cases  100-101
    4.4.3 Results of the simulation analysis  101-105
第5章 Conclusion  105-112
  5.1 Background  105-106
  5.2 Contents of the work realized  106-107
  5.3 Main results  107-109
    5.3.1 Indoor environment and comfort  107-108
    5.3.2 Electricity consumption and energy saving  108-109
  5.4 General conclusion and future work directions  109-112
参考文献  112-116
致谢  116-118
个人简历、在学期间发表的学术论文与研究成果  118

被动式设计在亚热带气候区办公建筑中的应用

内容摘要

全文目录

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