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突出煤层穿层钻孔诱导喷孔孔群增透机理及其在瓦斯抽采中的应用

作　者: 周红星
导　师: 程远平
学　校: 中国矿业大学
专　业: 安全技术及工程
关键词: 煤与瓦斯突出诱导喷孔孔群增透瓦斯抽采瓦斯流动模式
分类号: TD712
类　型: 博士论文
年　份: 2009年
下　载: 909次
引　用: 8次
阅　读: 论文下载

内容摘要

本文利用弹性力学、损伤力学、渗流力学和矿井瓦斯防治等相关理论,通过理论分析、数值模拟、现场试验和现场工业性试验等研究手段,系统研究了钻孔喷孔的力学作用机理及其控制诱导技术、孔洞周围煤体应力分布及裂隙发育特征、钻孔喷孔孔群增透方法与增透机理以及孔群增透范围内的瓦斯流动模式。研究成果消除了钻孔喷孔的不利影响,提高了孔群范围煤体的透气性,为突出煤层瓦斯抽采增透增流提供了一条新途径。本文的主要研究成果及结论如下:钻孔喷孔属于煤与瓦斯突出的范畴,钻孔快速钻进或破裂区内煤体的失稳抛出使富含高压瓦斯的煤体突然暴露,地应力和瓦斯压力破坏、粉碎、抛出煤体,发动突出;突出的瓦斯急剧膨胀,推动、加速突出物向孔外运移,高速冲出孔口,形成喷孔。钻孔喷孔的控制可通过留设10m以上的安全岩柱、在孔外安装导喷系统以及改进喷孔时的钻进工艺来实现。钻孔喷孔的诱导可通过增大钻进水压(10～15MPa)、增大钻孔直径(90～100mm为宜)来实现。获得了喷孔孔洞周围煤体的移动变形及应力分布规律。喷孔孔洞形成后,周围煤体向孔洞中心方向位移,距离孔洞越近,位移越大;距离孔洞越远,位移越小。喷孔孔洞周围形成破裂区,其范围随着孔洞半径、煤层埋藏深度以及煤层厚度的增大而增大,卸压质量比(喷出煤体的质量与卸压范围煤体的质量之比)随着孔洞半径的增加而增加。提出了“诱导喷孔孔群增透方法”,该方法是在原底板穿层钻孔孔群布置基础上,应用喷孔控制诱导技术,诱导钻孔喷孔,排出煤体,形成若干个喷孔孔洞;煤体喷出,孔群范围剩余煤体流变、卸压、膨胀,裂隙扩展贯通、膨胀扩容,煤体透气性可增加近300倍。在此基础上,提出了“结合水力破裂的诱导喷孔孔群增透方法”,该方法将钻孔喷孔与水力破裂配合使用,喷孔形成自由面,水力破裂促使煤层裂隙张开、扩展、贯通,形成宏观裂缝通道,排出煤体;裂隙水疏干,应力的降低和煤体的排出使得裂隙系统维持开启状态,煤体透气性增加;然后再补充一定数量的抽采钻孔,可获得良好的瓦斯抽采效果。预计钻孔工程量可减少50%以上,孔群范围煤体透气性可增加几百倍。诱导喷孔孔群增透范围煤体内大量的裂隙、裂缝如同是扩展了的抽采钻孔,这些“小尺度钻孔”深入煤体内部,抽采过程中处于负压状态,周围小区域内的瓦斯不断向其内部流动,最后汇集到钻孔中,瓦斯流动模式发生了根本性的改变。透气性的增加和瓦斯流动模式的改变为瓦斯抽采增流准备了条件。祁南煤矿水力诱导钻孔喷孔孔群增透及瓦斯抽采的现场试验表明,该技术的应用提高煤体的透气性55.6～292.7倍,平均提高152.6倍;单孔平均瓦斯流量提高4倍,瓦斯抽采时间缩短为4个月,钻孔钻进效率提高1倍以上,煤巷掘进速度达200m/月,煤层增透、抽采及消突效果显著。

全文目录

致谢  5-6
摘要  6-7
Abstract  7-15
1 绪论  15-27
  1.1 研究背景及意义(Research Background and Significance)  15-19
    1.1.1 中国煤与瓦斯突出灾害的严重性(Seriousness of Coal and Gas Outburst Hazard in China)  15-16
    1.1.2 低透气性突出煤层增透研究的必要性(The Research Necessity of Permeability-increasing of Outburst Coal Seams with Low Permeability)  16-18
    1.1.3 研究目的及意义(Purpose and Significance of Research)  18-19
  1.2 国内外研究现状(Present Research Situation of Home and Abroad)  19-25
    1.2.1 钻孔喷孔机理研究(Borehole Blowout Mechanism in Drilling Boreholes)  19-21
    1.2.2 煤层增透技术及机理研究(Permeability-increasing Technology and Mechanism of Coal Seams)  21-23
    1.2.3 煤层瓦斯流动理论研究(Gas Flow Theory in Coal Seams)  23-25
  1.3 主要研究内容及技术路线(Main Research Contents and Technical Route)  25-27
    1.3.1 主要研究内容(Main Research Contents)  25-26
    1.3.2 技术路线(Technical Route)  26-27
2 钻孔喷孔力学作用机理及控制诱导技术  27-54
  2.1 喷孔过程及特点分析(Process and Characters of Borehole Blowout)  27-30
    2.1.1 喷孔过程描述(Process of Borehole Blowout)  27-29
    2.1.2 喷孔特点分析(Characters of Borehole Blowout)  29-30
  2.2 喷孔力学作用机理解析(Mechanical Mechanism of Borehole Blowout)  30-44
    2.2.1 钻孔突出力学分析模型(Mechanical Model of Borehole Outburst)  30-31
    2.2.2 钻孔突出准备过程(Preparing Process of Borehole Outburst)  31-38
    2.2.3 钻孔突出发动(Start of Borehole Outburst)  38-42
    2.2.4 钻孔突出的发展(Development of Borehole Outburst)  42-44
    2.2.5 钻孔喷孔机理(Mechanism of Borehole Blowout)  44
  2.3 钻孔喷孔控制技术(Technology of Borehole Blowout Control)  44-50
    2.3.1 留设足够厚度的安全岩柱(Remain Safety Rock Pillar with Enough Thickness)  45
    2.3.2 孔口安装导喷系统(Fix Blowout-Leading System in Borehole Orifice)  45-49
    2.3.3 喷孔时的钻进工艺(Drilling Technology in Borehole Blowout)  49-50
  2.4 钻孔喷孔诱导技术(Inducement Technology of Borehole Blowout)  50-52
    2.4.1 诱导破裂区煤体失稳(Induce Coal Losing Stability)  51
    2.4.2 提高钻孔输运能力(Improve Transport Capacity of Borehole)  51-52
  2.5 本章小结(Chapter Conclusions)  52-54
3 喷孔孔洞周围煤体应力分布及移动变形规律数值模拟  54-77
  3.1 喷孔孔洞周围煤体的移动变形规律(Movement and Deformation Rules of Coal around Blowout Borehole)  54-62
    3.1.1 含瓦斯煤的流变特性[135(]Rheology Characteristics of Coal Containing Gas)  54-56
    3.1.2 孔洞周围含瓦斯煤体流变分析(Rheology State of Coal Containing Gas around Blowout Borehole)  56-58
    3.1.3 孔洞周围含瓦斯煤体蠕变分析(Creep Analysis of Coal Containing Gas around Blowout Borehole)  58-62
  3.2 FLAC3D 程序简介(Introduction of FLAC3D)  62-64
    3.2.1 基本原理(Basic Theory)  62
    3.2.2 FLAC3D 软件优点(Advantages of FLAC3D)  62-63
    3.2.3 FLAC3D 工作流程(Work Flow of FLAC3D)  63-64
  3.3 数值模型建立(Model Establishment)  64-65
    3.3.1 模型设计(Model Design)  64
    3.3.2 模型尺寸及边界条件(Model Size and Boundary Condition)  64-65
  3.4 数值模拟结果分析(Results Analysis of Numerical Simulation)  65-76
    3.4.1 孔洞周边煤体应力分布规律(Stress Distribution of Coal around Blowout Borehole)  65-69
    3.4.2 孔洞周边煤体移动变形规律(Movement and Deformation Rules of Coal around Blowout Borehole)  69-71
    3.4.3 喷孔孔洞尺寸的影响(Influence of Blowout Cavern Size)  71-74
    3.4.4 煤层埋藏深度的影响(Influence of Buried Depth of Coal Seams)  74-75
    3.4.5 煤层厚度的影响(Influence of Coal Seam Thickness)  75-76
  3.5 本章小结(Chapter Conclusions)  76-77
4 诱导喷孔孔群增透方法及增透机理  77-110
  4.1 煤体内孔隙和裂隙分布(Distribution of Porosity and Fracture in Coal Seams)  77-79
    4.1.1 宏观裂隙(Macro-fracture)  77-78
    4.1.2 显微裂隙(Micro-fracture)  78
    4.1.3 孔隙(Porosity)  78-79
  4.2 煤层渗透率及影响因素(Coal Permeability Coefficient and Influence Factors)  79-81
  4.3 应力对煤岩体渗透性的影响机制(Influence Mechanism of Stress to Coal-rock Body’s Permeability )  81-84
  4.4 喷孔增透机理(Permeability-increasing Theory of Borehole Blowout)  84-88
    4.4.1 微裂隙孔隙的破裂(Rupture of Micro-fracture and Porosity)  84-85
    4.4.2 孔隙裂隙扩展贯通(Expand and Connect of Fracture and Porosity)  85-86
    4.4.3 钻孔喷孔增透机理(Permeability-increasing Theory of Borehole Blowout)  86-87
    4.4.4 喷孔增透特点(Permeability-increasing Characters around Blowout Borehole)  87-88
  4.5 诱导喷孔孔群增透方法(Permeability-increasing Method of Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  88-94
    4.5.1 诱导喷孔孔群增透必要性(Necessity of Coal Permeability-increasing using Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  88-89
    4.5.2 底板岩巷穿层钻孔预抽瓦斯掩护煤巷掘进方法(Roadway Tunneling Method with the Help of Gas Pre-drainage by Crossing Boreholes in Rock Roadway)  89-90
    4.5.3 诱导喷孔孔群增透方法(Permeability-increasng Method using Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  90-92
    4.5.4 诱导喷孔孔群范围应力状态分析(Stress Distribution of the Area with Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  92-94
  4.6 结合水力破裂的诱导喷孔孔群增透方法(Permeability-increasing Method of Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes conbining with Hydraulic Rupture)  94-102
    4.6.1 水力破裂作用分析(Function of Hydraulic Rupture)  94-98
    4.6.2 水力破裂方法(Method of Hydraulic Rupture)  98-100
    4.6.3 结合水力破裂的钻孔喷孔孔群增透方法(Permeability-increasing Method using Array Blowout Boreholes combining with Hydraulic Rupture)  100-102
  4.7 其它辅助措施(Other Support Measures)  102
  4.8 诱导喷孔孔群增透机理(Permeability-increasing Theory Using Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  102-104
  4.9 诱导喷孔孔群增透的表征(Token of Coal Permeability-increasing using Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  104-108
    4.9.1 煤体渗透性与裂隙孔隙率的关系(Relationship Between Coal Permeability and Coal Porosity)  104-105
    4.9.2 煤体变形与裂隙孔隙率的关系(Relationship Between Coal Deformation and Coal Porosity)  105-107
    4.9.3 诱导喷孔孔群增透的表征(Token of Coal Permeability-increasing with Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  107-108
  4.10 本章小结(Chapter Conclusions)  108-110
5 孔群增透范围瓦斯流动模式  110-121
  5.1 煤层瓦斯赋存特征(Characteristics of Gas Occurrence in Coal Seams)  110-112
    5.1.1 煤层瓦斯赋存状态(Gas Occurrence Status in Coal Seams)  110
    5.1.2 煤层瓦斯吸附特性(Gas Absorption Characteristics in Coal Seams)  110-111
    5.1.3 煤层瓦斯压力及含量(Gas Pressure and Content in Coal Seams)  111-112
  5.2 煤层瓦斯抽采过程分析(Process of Gas Drainage in Coal Seams)  112-114
    5.2.1 瓦斯解吸(Gas Desorption)  112
    5.2.2 瓦斯扩散(Gas Diffusion)  112-113
    5.2.3 瓦斯渗流(Gas Seepage)  113-114
  5.3 孔群增透范围煤体瓦斯流动模式(Gas Flow Model in Permeability-increasing Coal with Blowout Boreoles)  114-116
    5.3.1 原始煤体瓦斯流动模式(Gas Flow Model in Original Coal Seams)  114-115
    5.3.2 孔群增透范围内煤层瓦斯流动模式(Gas Flow Model in Permeability-increasing Coal with Blowout Boreholes)  115-116
  5.4 孔群增透范围煤层瓦斯流动模型(Gas Flow Model in Permeability-increasing Coal with Blowout Boreholes)  116-120
    5.4.1 孔隙系统的扩散运动方程(Gas Diffusion of Coal Porosity System)  116-117
    5.4.2 裂隙系统的渗流运动方程(Gas Seepage Equation of Coal Fracture System)  117-118
    5.4.3 瓦斯抽采模型(Gas Drainage Model)  118-120
  5.5 本章小结(Chapter Conclusions)  120-121
6 穿层钻孔诱导喷孔孔群增透方法的工程应用  121-137
  6.1 试验工作面概况(General Situation of the Experimental Working Face)  121-123
    6.1.1 工作面开采参数(Exploitation Parameters of 713 Working Face)  121
    6.1.2 工作面煤层赋存特征(Coal Occurence Characters of 713 Working Face)  121-122
    6.1.3 工作面瓦斯赋存特征(Gas Occurence Characters of 713 Working Face)  122
    6.1.4 工作面突出危险性(Outburst Hazard of 713 Working Face)  122-123
  6.2 底板岩巷穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采方案(Gas Drainage Plan of Crossing Boreholes Drilling from Coal Bottom Road)  123-127
    6.2.1 穿层钻孔与顺层钻孔瓦斯治理模式(Regional Gas Control Model of Crossing Seam and Along Seam)  123-124
    6.2.2 底板巷位置确定(Position of Coal Bottom Road)  124-125
    6.2.3 钻场和钻孔参数设计(Design Parameters of Drilling Field and Boreholes)  125-126
    6.2.4 水力诱导钻孔喷孔施工(Hydraulic Blowout-inducing in Drilling Boreholes)  126-127
  6.3 钻孔施工喷孔及增透效果分析(Blowout-inducing Situation and Permeability-increasing Effect)  127-128
  6.4 孔群范围瓦斯抽采效果统计分析(Gas Drainage Effect in Areas Using Array Blowout-inducing Boreholes)  128-132
    6.4.1 初期瓦斯抽采统计分析(Gas Drainage in Initial Stage)  128-129
    6.4.2 单个钻场瓦斯抽采统计分析(Gas Drainage of Single Drilling Field)  129-131
    6.4.3 底板巷瓦斯抽采统计分析(Gas Drainage of Coal Bottom Road)  131-132
  6.5 预抽瓦斯消突效果验证(Effect Verification of Outburst Danger Eliminating after Gas Pre-drainage)  132-135
    6.5.1 机巷掘进效检指标(Effect Test Index in Headentry Driving)  132-134
    6.5.2 风巷掘进效检指标(Effect Test Index in Tailentry Excavation)  134-135
    6.5.3 机巷、风巷效检指标对比分析(Comparative Analysis of Effect Test Index in Headentry and Tailentry Driving)  135
    6.5.4 掘进效果对比分析(Effect of Headentry Driving)  135
  6.6 本章小结(Chapter Conclusions)  135-137
7 结论及展望  137-140
  7.1 主要结论(Main Conclusions)  137-139
  7.2 创新点(Innovations)  139
  7.3 进一步研究展望(Prospects of Future Study)  139-140
参考文献  140-148
作者简历  148-151
学位论文数据集  151

突出煤层穿层钻孔诱导喷孔孔群增透机理及其在瓦斯抽采中的应用

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